1. Nheyo dzekutanga uye inotungamira ideology yekugadzira:
(1) Kushandisa pfungwa inotungamira ye“inorerekera kuvanhu”;
(2) Shandisa mutemo wekuchengetedza kuchengetedza kwe "kuchengetedza kutanga, kudzivirira kutanga";
(3) Sarudza midziyo ine yakaderera simba mashandisirwo, yakakwirira kushanda zvakanaka, kuchengeteka uye kuvimbika, uye nyore kushanda uye kugadzirisa;
(4) Sarudza hunyanzvi hwekuchera migodhi uye zvirongwa zvekusimudzira uye zvekufambisa, uchivavarira kuvimbika kwehunyanzvi uye hungwaru hwehupfumi, uchidzivirira njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uchigadzira nekushandisa zvicherwa.
2. Iyo huru yemukati yedhizaini inosanganisira masisitimu ekugadzira uye anobatsira masisitimu, ayo anonyanya kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera:
(1) Kuchera:
Kutsunga kwemuganhu wemigodhi yakazaruka;
Kusarudza nzira dzekusimudzira uye nzira dzemigodhi;
Kusarudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira;
Kuongororwa uye kusarudzwa kwesimba rekugadzira michina (kusingabatanidze kugadzirisa ore uye zvekunze zvekufambisa zvekushandisa uye zvivakwa).
(2) Hurongwa hwekubatsira:
Migodhi nharaunda general chirongwa chekufambisa;
Mugodhi wemagetsi, kugadzirisa kwemuchina, kugovera mvura uye kudhonza, kupisa;
Kuvakwa kwemadhipatimendi emigodhi uye kugadzira uye nzvimbo dzekugara;
Kuchengeteka uye hutsanana hwemaindasitiri;
Kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo dzemigodhi.
(3) Inofungidzirwa kudyara uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi ebhizinesi.
Kubva pane ruzivo rwuripo uye mamiriro ezvino emigodhi, mushure mekubvunzurudza nemuridzi, iyi dhizaini inopa chete dhizaini yakakwana yeprojekti yemigodhi.Zvivako zvekubatsira (zvakadai sekugadzirisa michina, kugadzirisa motokari, kugadzirisa magetsi, mvura, magetsi, kutakura kwekunze uye kutaurirana panzvimbo yemigodhi) uye zvivako zvehutano zvinongofungidzirwa chete.Muridzi anoitisa yakakodzera tekinoroji shanduko zvichibva pane yekutanga zvivakwa zvichienzaniswa nedhizaini kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.Iyi dhizaini inongosanganisira iyo inofungidzirwa bhajeti mumari yakazara yekuongororwa kwemari uye kuongororwa kwehupfumi.
3. Matanho ekudzivirira mukugadzira:
Kurapa nzira dzembudzi
Kumigodhi yeraimu, mushure mekunge gomba ravharwa, kudyara kwemiti kana kurima zvakare kunogona kuitwa mushure mekuvharwa nevhu.
Matanho ekuona kugadzikana kwekupedzisira kwemateru emigodhi yakavhurika-gomba uye kudzivirira kudonha kwemateru.
(1) Ita migodhi zvinoenderana neakakodzera dhizaini paramita uye kumisikidza ekuchengetedza mapuratifomu panguva yakakodzera.
(2) Pakuputika pedyo nemuganhu wekupedzisira, kuputika kunodzorwa kunoshandiswa kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwedombo guru uye kugadzikana kwemuganhu wenyika.
(3) Gara uchiongorora kugadzikana kwemateru uye nyika dzemuganho, uye nekukasira kuchenesa matombo akayangarara akaregedzeka.Vanochenesa vanofanira kupfeka ngowani dzekuchengetedza, kusunga mabhandi ekuchengetedza kana tambo dzekuchengetedza.
(4) Gadzirai migero munzvimbo dzakakodzera dziri kunze kwenzvimbo yemugodhi uye migero yemvura yenguva pfupi mukati menzvimbo yemugodhi kuti ibvise panguva yakaunganidzwa mvura munzvimbo yemugodhi, kuitira kudzivirira kudonha kwemateru kunokonzerwa nekunyudzwa kwemvura.
(5) Kune isina kusimba yedombo yakatsetseka, senge ivhu rakatenuka, mamiriro ekunze akatenuka, akatsemuka nzvimbo yakatsetseka, uye isina kusimba mutserendende, nzira dzekusimbisa dzakadai seanchor spraying, masonry, uye shotcrete inogamuchirwa.
Kudzivirirwa kwenjodzi dzemagetsi uye matanho ekudzivirira mheni
Mumigodhi mune midziyo yemagetsi mishoma uye yakawanda.Kudzivirira tsaona yemagetsi, matanho anofanirwa kutorwa sezvinotevera:
(1) Isa midziyo yekudzivirira kuchengetedza, fenzi dzesimbi pamahwindo, uye zviratidzo zveyambiro mukamuri rejenareta;
(2) Wedzera imwe migodhi ichaja chiedza chekukurumidzira uye 1211 yekudzimisa moto muimba yejenareta;
(3) Vhura musuwo wekamuri rejenareta kunze kuti ubatsire kupukunyuka;
(4) Tsiva mimwe mitsetse nekudzivirira kuchembera, gadzirisa tambo dzisiri dzenguva dzose, uye ronga tambo dzemagetsi mukamuri rejenareta kuti uve nechokwadi chekurongeka;Mitsetse inopfuura nemukamuri yekuyeresa inoda kuparadzaniswa uye haigone kusungirirwa pamwe chete, uye kuchengetedzwa nemaoko ekudzivirira;
(5) Kugadzirisa nenguva uye kutsiva midziyo yemagetsi isina kukwana pane pani yekugovera;
(6) Shongedza midziyo inotarisana netsaona dzemuchina nemidziyo yekumisikidza yekumisikidza.Paunenge uchichenesa nekupukuta michina, zvinorambidzwa zvachose kushambidza nemvura kana kupukuta midziyo yemagetsi nemucheka wakanyorova kudzivirira mapfupi mafupi uye kuvhunduka kwemagetsi;
(7) Matanho ekuchengetedza ekugadzirisa magetsi:
Shandisa hurongwa hwetikiti rebasa, hurongwa hwemvumo yebasa, hurongwa hwekutarisa basa, kukanganisa basa, kutamisa, uye kumisa hurongwa hwekuchengetedza michina yemagetsi.
Kushanda kwakaderera kwemagetsi kunofanirwa kutariswa nevashandi vakazvitsaurira, vachishandisa maturusi ane zvibatiso zvinodzivirirwa, vakamira pazvinhu zvakaoma zvinodzivirira, vakapfeka magirovhosi uye ngowani dzekuchengetedza, uye vakapfeka zvipfeko zvine maoko marefu.Izvo zvinorambidzwa zvachose kushandisa zvishandiso zvakaita semafaira, vatongi vesimbi, uye mabhurashi kana maduster ane simbi zvinhu.Kubasa pamabhokisi e-low-voltage ekugovera uye magetsi emagetsi, matikiti ebasa anofanira kuzadzwa.Paunenge uchishanda pane yakaderera-voltage motors uye maseketi ekuvhenekesa, kutaura nemuromo kunogona kushandiswa.Basa riri pamusoro richaitwa nevanhu vangangoita vaviri.
Matanho ekuchengetedza epasi-voltage wedunhu magetsi kudzimwa:
(1) Bvisa simba rekushandisa kwezvinhu zvose zvekugadzirisa, bvisa fuse (fuse), uye sungirira chikwangwani pachibatiso chekushanda chinoti "No Switching On, Mumwe Munhu Ari Kushanda!".
(2) Usati washanda, zvakakosha kutarisa magetsi.
(3) Tora mamwe matanho ekuchengetedza sezvinodiwa.
Mushure mekutsiva fuse mushure mekudzima kwemagetsi, magirovhosi uye magirazi anofanirwa kupfekwa kana uchitangazve kushanda.
Zvinodikanwa zvechinhambwe chakachengetedzeka: Hunhambwe hudiki pakati pemitsetse yakaderera-voltage pamusoro uye zvivakwa.
Iyo yekumusoro yemagetsi tambo yekudzivirira nzvimbo inzvimbo inoumbwa nehuwandu hwehupamhi yakaverengerwa yakatwasuka kureba kwewaya kumucheto mushure mekutsauka kwemhepo uye yakachinjika yakachengeteka chinhambwe kubva pachivakwa mushure mekutsauka kwemhepo, mukati memitsara miviri yakafanana.1-10kv iri 1.5m.Iyo yakafara yepasi pevhu simba rekudzivirira tambo nzvimbo inzvimbo iri mukati memitsetse miviri yakafanana yakaumbwa ne 0.75m pamativi ese epasi stake dzepasi pevhu tambo yetambo.Iyo yakakwira-voltage yekufambisa tambo inofanirwa kunge yakakwira kupfuura chikamu chepamusoro-soro chemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuchina neinopfuura 2m, uye yakaderera-voltage transmission line inofanirwa kunge yakakwira kupfuura chikamu chepamusoro cheakasiyana-siyana michina michina neinopfuura 0.5m.Iyo yakamira kureba pakati pevanotungamira kumusoro uye zvivakwa: pasi peiyo yakanyanya kuverengerwa sag, ye3-10kV mitsetse, haifanirwe kunge isingasviki 3.0m;Uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zve "Safety Regulations for Metal and Non Metallic Mines" (GB16423-2006).
Zvinhambwe zvishoma kubva pawaya kuenda pasi kana pamusoro pemvura (m)
Minimum chinhambwe kubva kumucheto waya kuenda kuvaka
Zvivako zvekudzivirira mheni zvichagadzirwa zvakanyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zve "Code for Design of Lightning Protection of Buildings".
Zvivakwa zvemugodhi uye zvimiro zvichaonekwa seKirasi III kudzivirira mheni.Zvese zvivakwa uye zvivakwa zvine hurefu hwe15m uye pamusoro zvichapihwa netyisidziro yekudzivirira mheni uye bhandi, uye mamwe acho achapihwa nemheni tsvimbo yekudzivirira.
Makamuri ejenareta, mitsetse yepamusoro, matura emidziyo, uye matangi ekuchengetedza mafuta ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvekudzivirira mheni, uye nzvimbo dzekudzivirira mheni dzinofanira kuiswa.
Matanho ekudzivirira enjodzi dzemakanika
Kukuvara kweMechanical kunonyanya kureva kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekubatana kwakananga pakati pezvinofamba (zvakamira) zvikamu, maturusi, uye zvikamu zvemuchina zvemichina uye muviri wemunhu, sekupinira, kudhumhana, kuveura, kupinza, kumonyorora, kugaya, kucheka, kubaya, nezvimwe. Zvikamu zvinotapurirana zvakafumurwa (senge flywheel, bhandi rekutapurirana, zvichingodaro) uye zvikamu zvinotenderera zvinotenderera zvemichina inotenderera yakaita semhepo compressor, zviboorero zvematombo, zvinotakura zvinhu, nezvimwewo mumugodhi uyu zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwemuchina kumuviri wemunhu.Panguva imwecheteyo, kukuvara kwemagetsi ndeimwe yekukuvara kwakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemigodhi, uye midziyo inogona kukonzeresa kukuvara kwemagetsi inosanganisira kuchera, mhepo yakamanikidzwa, uye michina yekutumira.Matanho makuru ekudzivirira anosanganisira:
(1) Mechanical midziyo vanoshanda vanofanirwa kudzidza chimiro chemidziyo, misimboti yekushandisa, nzira dzekushandisa, uye rumwe ruzivo, uye kunzwisisa nzira dzekudzivirira dzetsaona dzakasiyana panguva yekushanda kwemidziyo.Special midziyo vanoshanda vanofanira kupasa ongororo uye kushanda nezvitupa.Vasiri vashandi vanorambidzwa zvachose kutanga nekushandisa midziyo kudzivirira njodzi dzakadai sekukuvara kana kukuvara.
(2) Mechanical midziyo inofanirwa kuiswa zvinoenderana negwaro remidziyo uye nemirau yakakodzera, uye mavhavha ekudzivirira ezvikamu zvekushandisa zvemidziyo anofanira kunge akazara uye akasimba.
(3) Vanhu vanofanira kudzivisa kufamba-famba kwezvinhu zvinofambisa (zvakadai semotokari, zvinotakura, nezvimwewo) uye kuisa michina yekudzivirira kudzivirira zvikamu zvinofamba kubva pakudonha.
(4) Matanho ekudzora kukuvara kwemuchina anonyanya kusanganisira kumisikidza zvipingamupinyi zvekudzivirira, zvivharo zvekudzivirira, mambure ekudzivirira kana zvimwe zvivakwa zvekudzivirira zvemichina yakasiyana-siyana inotenderera, kuitira kuparadzanisa zvikamu zvine ngozi zvemuviri wemunhu nemidziyo.Mechanical midziyo yekudzivirira inofanirwa kuenderana ne "Chengetedzo Zvinodiwa Zvedziviriro Zvivharo zveMechanical Equipment" (GB8196-87);Kuchengetedza Tekinoroji Mamiriro Ezvakagadziriswa Indasitiri Inodzivirira Railings (GB4053.3-93).
Kusapinda mvura uye kudhiraivha matanho
Mugodhi uyu mugodhi wegomba wakavhurika pagomo, une hurefu hudiki hwemugodhi hunosvika 1210m kukwirira pane hudiki hwekukukurwa kwevhu.Mvura yepasi haina zvayakakanganisa pakuchera, uye kuzadza kwemvura munzvimbo yemugodhi kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekunaya kwemvura yemuchadenga.Nokudaro, chinangwa chemvura yemugodhi nekudzivirira ndechekudzivirira kukanganisa kwemvura yemumhepo inoyerera pamugodhi.
Iyo mikuru yekudzivirira mvura uye miitiro yemvura yemugodhi inosanganisira: kumisa migero yekudzivirira uye yemvura kunze kwenzvimbo yemigodhi, uye kuisa mutsetse we 3-5 ‰ pachikuva chekushanda kuti zvive nyore kubuda;Isa migero yemvura yakareba uye yakachinjika migero yemvura mumigwagwa.
Dustproof
Guruva ndiyo imwe yenjodzi huru dzepabasa mukugadzirwa kwemigodhi.Kuti unyatso kudzora kupukunyuka kweguruva uye kuderedza kukonzeresa kweguruva kuvashandi pabasa, chirongwa ichi chinoisa mutemo wekudzivirira kutanga, uye kuyedza kudzikisa kuburitswa kweguruva mukuyerera:
(1) Chibooreso chekuchera chinenge chine chibooreso chepasi-pagomba nemudziyo wekubata huruva, uye matanho ekudzivirira guruva senge mhepo nekupfapfaidza mvura achasimbiswa panguva yekuchera;
(2) Kudiridza kazhinji kunofanira kuitwa mumigwagwa mikuru kuderedza kubudisa huruva panguva yekufambisa motokari;
(3) Mushure mekuputika, vashandi havabvumirwi kupinda munzvimbo inoputika pakarepo.Chete mushure mekunge guruva rangoparara vanogona kupinda munzvimbo iyi kuti vaderedze kukanganiswa kweguruva;
(4) Gara uchiitisa guruva kuongororwa mumhepo yebasa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti guruva remhepo mumhepo yebasa rinosangana nezvinodiwa zveOccupational Exposure Limits yeHazardous Factors Munzvimbo Yebasa;
(5) Ipa zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo zvevashandisi vemigodhi uye ongorora hutano hwevashandi vese nguva nenguva.
Matanho ekudzora ruzha
Kuti udzore kusvibiswa kweruzha, midziyo yakaderera-ruzha inofanira kusarudzwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira mukugadzira;Isa masilencer pane yakakwirira ruzha pneumatic midziyo yakadai semhepo compressor uye midziyo yekuchera;Munzvimbo dzine ruzha rwakanyanya, vashandi vanosungirwa kuti vashongedze midziyo yekuzvidzivirira senge simbi dzekuvharisa nzeve kuti dzideredze kukanganiswa kwevashandi.
Kuputika matanho ekuchengetedza
(1) Paunenge uchiita mabasa ekuputika, zvinodikanwa kunyatsotevedzera "Blasting Safety Regulations".Zvichienderana nezvenzira yekuputika, chikero, uye mamiriro enzvimbo, zvinoenderana nemirairo yekuchengetedza kuputika, muganho wenzvimbo ine njodzi inoputika inofanirwa kuverengerwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekuputika kwedenda rekuchengetedza chinhambwe, kuputika chinhambwe chekuchengetedzwa kwemafungu, uye zvinhu zvinobhururuka. kuchengeteka kure.Zviratidzo zveyambiro yezvokuchengetedza zvinofanira kuiswa, uye basa rokunyevera rinofanira kuitwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi nemidziyo.
(2) Kuputika kwega kwega kunofanira kuva nekugadzirwa kwakabvumirwa.Mushure mekuputika, vashandi vekuchengetedza vanofanira kunyatsoongorora mamiriro ekuchengetedza kwechiso chekushanda uye kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yekuputira vasati vatangazve kushanda.
(3) Vashandi vari kuita basa rekuputitsa vanofanira kunge vakawana dzidziso yehunyanzvi hwekuputitsa, kujairana nemafambisirwo, nzira dzemashandisirwo, nemitemo yekuchengetedza yemidziyo inoputika, uye vane chitupa chekushanda.
(4) Kuputika kwemhepo kunorambidzwa zvachose munguva dzemanheru, mhute inorema, uye mabhanan'ana.
(5) Kuputika pedyo nemuganhu wemuganhu wekupedzisira kunodzorwa kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwedombo guru uye kugadzikana kwemuganhu wenyika.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-14-2023